Patterns of Hormonal Contraceptive Utilization Among Women with Retroviral Disease Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy at a Referral Hospital in Kenya

Abstract

Understanding the intricate interplay between hormonal contraceptive utilization and the unique healthcare needs of women with retroviral disease on antiretroviral therapy is of paramount importance in ensuring effective family planning strategies and optimal health outcomes. This research examined the patterns of hormonal contraceptive usage among this specific demographic within the setting of a referral hospital in Kenya, shedding light on the factors influencing choice, preferences, and the broader implications for reproductive health. A cross-sectional retrospective study design was employed for this study, conducted at the Comprehensive Care Centre of Nakuru County Referral and Teaching Hospital in Kenya. The Taro Yamane formula determined the sample size, yielding 226 participants. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire validated through a pilot study, employing random sampling. Data was protected, monitored, and analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Chi-squared test, with ethical considerations in place. The sociodemographic characteristics of participants were analyzed. Most were aged 35-39, married, self-employed, and had at least secondary education. Public hospitals were the primary source of contraceptives. Pregnancy prevention was the main reason for hormonal contraceptive use. Injectable contraceptives were preferred (37%), followed by implants (31.9%) and IUDs (15.7%). Notable association between employment status and use of specific contraceptives (P-value=0.007175) was found to be statistically significant. Further, there was a statistically significant association between ease of availability of implants (P-value=0.02), ease of use of injectables (P-value=0.05), and fewer side effects of IUDs (P-value=0.00) and their preference. We recommend emphasizing postpartum contraception services, ensuring contraceptive availability in public hospitals, promoting long-acting reversible contraceptives, and providing tailored counseling and education to empower women's informed choices.