Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Vasectomy Among Married Men and Women in Kampi Ya Moto, Kenya: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Vasectomy remains one of the least utilized family planning methods in sub-Saharan Africa, despite being a safe, effective, and cost-efficient permanent contraceptive option. Limited knowledge, negative attitudes, and deep-rooted sociocultural barriers have contributed to its low uptake, particularly in rural settings. This study assessed the level of knowledge and attitudes toward vasectomy among married men and women in Kampi Ya Moto, Nakuru County, Kenya. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was employed among 196 married men and women aged 18 years and above with two or more children. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Participants’ knowledge was categorized as good, fair, or poor, and attitudes were assessed using Likert-scale responses across cultural, religious, and behavioral domains. While 77.04% of participants recognized vasectomy as a method of family planning, and 92.05% correctly identified it as a permanent procedure, only 32.45% knew it was appropriate for any man desiring it. Acceptance of vasectomy was low (19.39%), with higher willingness among participants with good knowledge (50.88%) compared to those with fair (7.29%) and poor knowledge (4.65%). Attitudinal findings revealed strong cultural resistance, misconceptions about masculinity, and perceived religious prohibitions. Although basic awareness of vasectomy exists, widespread misinformation and negative attitudes persist. To improve uptake, targeted community education, male-inclusive counseling, and culturally sensitive engagement strategies are essential. Empowering men with accurate information may foster shared contraceptive responsibility and support national family planning goals.